China

China is the world's second-largest economy, with plans to take first place for the next decade and thus put an end to U.S. hegemony. However, the consequences of climate change seem to threaten the rapid Chinese growth, which had already been slowing down since 2019, with the longest drought in 60 years. A third of the Asian giant's territory suffers from high temperatures and lack of rainfall, affecting China's economic dynamism.

For decades, the mainstream of both the Democratic and Republican parties favored expanding trade between the U.S. and other countries. Greater globalization, these politicians promised, would increase economic growth — and with the bounty from that growth, the country could compensate any workers who suffered from increased trade. But it didn’t work out that way.

Instead, trade has contributed to the stagnation of living standards for millions of working-class Americans, by shrinking the number of good-paying, blue-collar jobs here. The incomes of workers without a bachelor’s degree have grown only slowly over the past few decades. Many measures of well-being — even life expectancy — have declined in recent years.

All along, many politicians and experts continued to insist that trade was expanding the economic pie. And they were often right. But struggling workers understandably viewed those claims as either false or irrelevant, and they refused to support further expansions of trade.

El escenario internacional contemporáneo exige regionalismos adecuados a la realidad política de los Estados. La construcción de una región no se limita a la visión dominante promovida por Occidente y el modelo de la Unión Europea (UE). Los proyectos de integración euroasiática y latinoamericana, al igual que la relación transcontinental, se han dinamizado en los últimos años; en este proceso, la República Popular China (RPC) y la Federación de Rusia son actores clave.

La República Popular China (RPC) abrió las puertas de su economía al mundo en 1990, dejando su política de autarquía del siglo XX. Su politica exterior, según el Gobierno Chino, es salvaguardar los intereses comunes de toda la humanidad, fomentar el multilateralismo; establecer un orden político y económico internacional, justo y racional, salvaguardar la diversidad del mundo y abogar por la democratización de las relaciones internacionales y la diversificación de los modelos de desarrollo, entre otros.