Before the review of the USMCA in January 2026, the member countries of Mexico, the United States, and Canada had disagreements. The focus of the US renegotiation is steel and the automotive sector, under the argument of protecting local jobs and industry. Both the US and Canada have accused Mexico of being used by China to evade tariffs and send its products to these countries.

15 November 2023 marked a milestone in relations between the European Union and the countries of Africa, Caribbean and Pacific (OECS, Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States) with the signing of the so-called Samoa Agreement (SA), successor to the Cotonou framework that governed for more than two decades, which was an agreement between the European Union and its former colonies.