En la tercera década del siglo XXI, se ha observado un desplazamiento tectónico de inmensa trascendencia, aunque minimizado por la prensa occidental. China logró que Irán y Arabia Saudita llegaran a un acuerdo de paz luego de casi una década de guerra interna en Yemen, donde cada país apoya a un bando. Irán ha sido acusado de apoyar a los rebeldes hutíes, y proporcionarle armas, dinero y capacitación militar, lo que ellos niegan y afirman que solo brindan ayuda humanitaria.

Los cambios que ha experimentado el mundo en los últimos años debido a la pandemia del Covid-19, las alteraciones en las cadenas de suministro mundiales y la guerra comercial entre Estados Unidos y China han llevado a muchas empresas a recurrir a una estrategia de deslocalización cercana. Esta situación ha provocado cambios drásticos en el comportamiento tradicional de la dinámica industrial mundial, además de que Asia ha perdido competitividad debido al aumento de los salarios de los trabajadores.

In 2020, the Fed and other G7 central banks cut interest rates and doubled their money supply to combat the economic crisis. By the end of 2021, the dilemma was whether to raise interest rates to fight inflation or leave them low to avoid a further slowdown. In March 2022, the Fed decided to prioritise inflation and began a tight monetary policy. However, in March 2023, inflation in the US and the Eurozone was still high, which meant high-interest rates to combat it.

This article analyses the situation and challenges of non-contributory social protection systems as income guarantee instruments in Latin America. Although a wide variety of techniques differ in their intensity of coverage and the level of income they cover, their positive impact is demonstrated. Yet, they still need to achieve the minimum objective of eradicating extreme poverty.

During 2022,  the prices of goods and services (global %) experienced an increase, which has generated social unrest in several countries. Central banks raised their rates to control the price rise, discouraging investment, reducing consumption and increasing concerns about a recession. Meanwhile, food prices continue to rise. This article discusses the inadequacy of monetary policy to control rising costs.